1277例0~6岁永久性听力损失患儿确诊年龄与发现途径

The Diagnosis Age and Found Ways of Permanent Hearing Loss in 1 277 Children Aged 0~6 Years

王雪瑶;黄丽辉;王现蕾;赵雪雷;杜亚婷;杨亚利;崔庆佳;张燕梅;王士杰;

1:首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学教育部重点实验室(首都医科大学)

2:北京大学医学部

3:首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院

4:首都医科大学附属北京康复医院

摘要
目的分析0~6岁永久性听力损失儿童的确诊年龄及发现途径。方法回顾性分析经北京同仁医院儿童听力诊断中心确诊的1 277例0~6岁永久性听力损失儿童的临床资料,根据是否接受新生儿听力筛查及筛查结果分为三组:筛查未通过组、筛查通过组及未筛查组,分析患儿的确诊年龄及发现途径。结果 1 277例听力损失患儿中,筛查未通过组1 005例(78.70%),确诊的中位年龄为4个月;筛查通过组96例(7.52%),确诊的中位年龄为21.5个月;未筛查组176例(13.78%),确诊的中位年龄为24.5个月。筛查未通过组的听力损失确诊年龄明显早于筛查通过组和未筛查组(P<0.01);筛查通过组与未筛查组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。1 277例中,发现途径主要为新生儿听力筛查(78.70%,1 005/1277);筛查通过组96例中,主要通过家人对其听觉和言语发育观察发现(66.67%,64/96),其次为耳聋基因筛查阳性转诊(11.46%,11/96)和入园体检发现(7.29%,7/96);未筛查组176例中,主要通过家人对其听觉和言语发育观察发现(98.29%,173/176)。结论新生儿听力筛查是早期发现永久性听力损失患儿的主要途径,使患儿确诊年龄明显提前,而筛查通过组和未筛查组确诊年龄仍然较晚。
关键词
永久性听力损失;普遍新生儿听力筛查;确诊年龄;发现途径;儿童
基金项目(Foundation):
北京市自然科学基金资助项目(7172052)
作者
王雪瑶;黄丽辉;王现蕾;赵雪雷;杜亚婷;杨亚利;崔庆佳;张燕梅;王士杰;
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