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多人谈话噪声及年龄对儿童言语识别中词汇学效应的影响

Evaluation of Word Recognition Abilities in Children in 4-talker Babble Noise

任寸寸;林颖;刘莎;查定军;

1:西京医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科临床听力与眩晕中心

2:北京同仁医院

3:北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所

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摘要

目的探讨引入多人谈话噪声(babble noise,BN)后,词汇学效应在竞争性噪声环境下对正常听力儿童言语识别能力的影响及其随年龄增长的发展特性。方法以212例36岁的正常听力儿童为研究对象,使用普通话词汇相邻性测试(Mandarin lexical neighborhood test,MLNT)材料(含双音节易词、双音节难词、单音节易词、单音节难词四类词表),在安静条件下给声强度70dB SPL,多人谈话噪声下信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)为4dB,对所有对象进行开放式言语测试,分别获取四类词表在安静和噪声条件下的言语识别率,并比较3、4、5、6岁组儿童的结果。结果在安静条件下正常听力儿童双音节易、难词及单音节易、难词的识别率分别为96.45%±5.17%、88.87%±7.73%、91.90%±7.31%、82.38%±7.95%,噪声下四类词表言语识别率分别为85.34%±11.23%、66.42%±11.08%、68.81%±15.99%、48.58%±12.81%,在噪声下的各词表言语识别率显著低于安静条件下(P<0.05)。在安静和噪声条件下对词汇学效应的影响显示易词的识别率高于难词(P<0.05),双音节词言语识别率高于单音节词(P<0.05),且在噪声下比安静环境下影响更明显。噪声下不同年龄组中3岁组四类词表言语识别率分别为80.83%±12.65%、60.63%±9.13%、58.54%±12.98%、41.88%±11.69%,6岁组分别为92.38%±6.64%、71.90%±10.66%、76.90%±14.53%、57.14%±12.61%,36岁的正常听力儿童为研究对象,使用普通话词汇相邻性测试(Mandarin lexical neighborhood test,MLNT)材料(含双音节易词、双音节难词、单音节易词、单音节难词四类词表),在安静条件下给声强度70dB SPL,多人谈话噪声下信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)为4dB,对所有对象进行开放式言语测试,分别获取四类词表在安静和噪声条件下的言语识别率,并比较3、4、5、6岁组儿童的结果。结果在安静条件下正常听力儿童双音节易、难词及单音节易、难词的识别率分别为96.45%±5.17%、88.87%±7.73%、91.90%±7.31%、82.38%±7.95%,噪声下四类词表言语识别率分别为85.34%±11.23%、66.42%±11.08%、68.81%±15.99%、48.58%±12.81%,在噪声下的各词表言语识别率显著低于安静条件下(P<0.05)。在安静和噪声条件下对词汇学效应的影响显示易词的识别率高于难词(P<0.05),双音节词言语识别率高于单音节词(P<0.05),且在噪声下比安静环境下影响更明显。噪声下不同年龄组中3岁组四类词表言语识别率分别为80.83%±12.65%、60.63%±9.13%、58.54%±12.98%、41.88%±11.69%,6岁组分别为92.38%±6.64%、71.90%±10.66%、76.90%±14.53%、57.14%±12.61%,36岁听力正常儿童噪声下言语识别能力随年龄增长显著提高(P<0.05)。结论在噪声下词汇学效应对听力正常儿童词汇提取的影响较安静环境下更明显,双音节词和易词更易获取,单音节词和难词更难获取;36岁听力正常儿童噪声下言语识别能力随年龄增长显著提高(P<0.05)。结论在噪声下词汇学效应对听力正常儿童词汇提取的影响较安静环境下更明显,双音节词和易词更易获取,单音节词和难词更难获取;36岁听力正常儿童噪声下的言语识别能力随年龄增长而提高,且在6岁时仍未达到平台期。

关键词

多人谈话噪声;词汇学效应;言语识别率;儿童

基金项目(Foundation):

国家自然科学基金(81470695、81170916);; 西京助推-卫勤专项研究项目(XJZT15D02)资助

作者

任寸寸;林颖;刘莎;查定军;

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任寸寸林颖刘莎查定军