噪声对低龄正常儿童言语感知的影响

A Pilot Study of Noise Effect on Speech Perception in Young Children with Normal Hearing

任寸寸;刘莎;刘海红;孔颖;刘欣;任爱国;

1:首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科临床听力学中心

2:北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所

3:耳鼻咽喉头颈科学教育部重点实验室(首都医科大学)

4:首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院耳鼻咽喉科

摘要
目的探讨言语谱噪声(speech spectrum-shaped noise,SSN)和多人谈话噪声(babble noise,BN)对低龄正常儿童普通话词汇相邻性测试(Mandarin lexical neighborhood test,MLNT)言语感知的影响。方法 34例36岁正常听力儿童分为SSN组(21例)和BN组(13例),使用噪声下普通话词汇相邻性测试系统对两组儿童行声场下的言语测试,以听说复述方法获得不同信噪比下的言语识别率,比较两组两类噪声下的单音节易词表、难词表和双音节易词表、难词表的识别率-信噪比函数曲线(P-SNR曲线)和言语识别阈(SNR50)。结果 SSN组双音节易词表和难词表的SNR50阈值分别为-3dB、-0.5dB,单音节易词表和难词表的SNR50分别为-1dB、3.5dB;BN组双音节易词表和难词表的SNR50分别为-3dB、2dB,单音节易词表和难词表的SNR50分别为0.5dB、10dB。两组除双音节易词表SNR50相同外,其余各类词表BN组的SNR50均比SSN组高。词汇学因素对正常听力儿童噪声下的开放式言语识别的影响仍表现出易词识别率高于难词,双音节词识别率高于单音节词。结论对36岁正常听力儿童分为SSN组(21例)和BN组(13例),使用噪声下普通话词汇相邻性测试系统对两组儿童行声场下的言语测试,以听说复述方法获得不同信噪比下的言语识别率,比较两组两类噪声下的单音节易词表、难词表和双音节易词表、难词表的识别率-信噪比函数曲线(P-SNR曲线)和言语识别阈(SNR50)。结果 SSN组双音节易词表和难词表的SNR50阈值分别为-3dB、-0.5dB,单音节易词表和难词表的SNR50分别为-1dB、3.5dB;BN组双音节易词表和难词表的SNR50分别为-3dB、2dB,单音节易词表和难词表的SNR50分别为0.5dB、10dB。两组除双音节易词表SNR50相同外,其余各类词表BN组的SNR50均比SSN组高。词汇学因素对正常听力儿童噪声下的开放式言语识别的影响仍表现出易词识别率高于难词,双音节词识别率高于单音节词。结论对36岁正常听力儿童BN的掩蔽效应比SSN强,词汇学因素在噪声下仍然影响儿童的言语识别。
关键词
儿童;噪声;言语感知
基金项目(Foundation):
国家自然科学基金(81170916);; 首都卫生发展科研专项基金(首发2011-1017-05)资助
作者
任寸寸;刘莎;刘海红;孔颖;刘欣;任爱国;
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