1 Shipp T,Izdebski K,Reed C,et al.Intrinsic laryngeal muscle activity in a spastic dysphonic patient[J].J Speech Hear Dis-ord,1985,50:54.

2 Nash EA,Ludlow CL.Laryngeal muscle activity during speech breaks in adductor spasmodic dysphonia[J].Laryngo-scope,1996,106:484.

3 Cyrus CB,Bielamowicz S,Evans FJ,et al.Adductor muscle activity abnormalities in abductor spasmodic dysphonia[J].Oto-laryngol Head Neck Surg,2001,124:23.

4 Parnes SM,Lavorato AS,Myers EN.Study of spastic dys-phonia using videofiberoptic laryngoscopy[J].Ann Otol Rhi-nol Laryngol,1978,87:322.

5 Erickson ML.Effects of voicing and syntactic complexity on sign expression in adductor spasmodic dysphonia[J].Am J Speech Lang Pathol,2003,12:416.

6 RontalM,Rontal E,RolnickM,et al.Amethod for the treat-ment of abductor spasmodic dysphonia with botulinum toxin injections:a preliminary report[J].Laryngoscope,1991,101:911.

7 Rodriquez AA,Ford CN,Bless DM,et al.Electromyographic assessment of spasmodic dysphonia patients prior to botulinum toxin injection[J].Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol,1994,34:403.

8 Nutt JG,Muenter MD,Aronson A,et al.Epidemiology of focal and generalized dystonia in Rochester,Minnesota[J].Mov Disord,1988,3:188.

9 Stemple JC.Clinical voice pathology[M].San Diego,Calif:Singular publishing,2000.119～127.

10 Schweinfurth JM,Billante M,Courey MS.Risk factors and demographics in patients with spasmodic dysphonia[J].La-ryngoscope,2002,112:220.

11 Xiao J,Zhao Y,Bastian RW,et al.Novel THAP1sequence variants in primary dystonia[J].Neurology,2010,74:229.

12 Jürgens U.A study of the central control of vocalization u-sing the squirrel monkey[J].Med Eng Phys,2002,24:473.

13 Haslinger B,Erhard P,Dresel C,et al."Silent event-relat-ed"fMRI reveals reduced sensorimotor activation in laryngeal dystonia[J].Neurology,2005,65:1 562.

14 Ali SO,Thomassen M,Schulz GM,et al.Alterations in CNS activity induced by botulinum toxin treatment in spasmodic dysphonia:an H215OPET study[J].J Speech Lang Hear Res,2006,4:1 127.

15 Simonyan K,Tovar-Moll F,Ostuni J,et al.Focal white matter changes in spasmodic dysphonia:a combined diffusion tensor imaging and neuropathological study[J].Brain,2008,131:447.

16 Simonyan K,Ludlow CL.Abnormal activation of the prima-ry somatosensory cortex in spasmodic dysphonia:an fMRI study[J].CerebCortex,2010,20:2 749.

17 Simonyan K,Ludlow CL,Vortmeyer AO,et al.Brainstem pathology in spasmodic dysphonia[J].Laryngoscope,2010,120:121.

18 Bronditz FS.Spastic dysphonia[J].Ann Otol Rhinol Laryn-gol,1976,85:210.

19 Heaver L.Spastic dysphonia:A psychosomatic voice disorder[M].In:Barbara DA,ed.Psychological and psychiatric as-pects of speech and hearing.Spingfield,IL:Charles C.Thomas,1960.250～263.

20 Brodnitz FS.Functional disorders of the voice[M].In:Levin NM.Voice and Speech disorder:Medical aspecs.Spring-field,IL:Charles C.Thomas,1962.453～481.

21 Cannito MP.Emotional considerations in spasmodic dyspho-nia:Psychometric quantification[J].J Commun Disord,1991,24:313.

22 Murry T,Cannito MP,Woodson GE.Spasmodic dysphonia:Emotional status and botulinum toxin treatment[J].Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,1994,120:310.

23 Kiese-Himmel C,Zwirner P.Psychological factors in spas-modic dysphonia[J].Laryngorhinootologie,1996,75:397.

24 Bhattacharyya N,Tarsy D.Impact on quality of life of botu-linum toxin treatments for spasmodic dysphonia and oroman-dibular dystonia[J].Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2001,127:389.

25 Hogikyan ND,Wodchis WP,Spak C,et al.Longitudinal effects of botulinum toxin injections on voice-related quality of life(V-RQOL)for patients with adductory spasmodic dysphonia[J].J Voice,2001,15:576.

26 Paniello RC,Barlow I,Sema IS.Longitudinal follow-up of adductor spasmodic dysphonia patients after botulinum toxin injection:quality of life results[J].Laryngoscope,2008,118:564.

27 Bressman SB,Raymond D,Fuchs T,et al.Mutations in THAP1(DYT6)in early-onset dystonia:agenetic screen-ing study[J].Lancet Neurol,2009,8:441.

28 Fuchs T,Gavarini S,Saunders-Pullman R,et al.Mutations in the THAP1gene are responsible for DYT6primary torsion dystonia[J].Nat Genet,2009,41:286.

29 Izdebski K,Dedo HH,Boles L.Spastic dysphonia:apatient profile of 200cases[J].Am I Otolaryngol,I984,5:7.

30 Aronson AE.Clinical voice disorders:an interdisciplinary ap-proach[M].3rd ed.New York,NY:Thieme,1990.183～194.

31 Roy N,Smith ME,Allen B,et al.Adductor spasmodic dys-phonia versus muscle tension dysphonia:examining the diag-nostic value of recurrent laryngeal nerve lidocaine block[J].Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol,2007,116:161.

32 Goodin DS,Frohman EM,Garmany GPJ Jr,et al.Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis:report of the thera-peutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the amer-ican academy of neurology and the MS council for clinical practice guidelines[J].Neurology,2002,58:169.

33 Blitzer A,Brin MF,Stewart CF.Botulinum toxin manage-ment of spasmodic dysphonia(laryngeal dystonia):a 12-year experience in more than 900patients[J].Laryngoscope,1998,108:1 435.

34 Meyer TK.The treatment of laryngeal dystonia(spasmodic dysphonia)with botulinum toxin injections[J].Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,2012,23:96.

35 Antonucci F,Rossi C,Gianfranceschi L,et al.Long-dis-tance retrograde effects of botulinum neurotoxin A[J].J Neurosci,2008,28:3 689.

36 Blitzer A.Spasmodic dysphonia and botulinum toxin:experi-ence from the largest treatment series[J].Eur J Neurol,2010,17:28.

37 Dedo HH.Recurrent laryngeal nerve section for spastic dys-phonia[J].Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol,1976,85:451.

38 Netterville JL,Stone RE,Rainey C,et al.Recurrent laryn-geal nerve avulsion for treatment of spastic dysphonia[J].Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol,1991,100:10.

39 Weed DT,Jewett BS,Rainey C,et al.Long-term follow-up of recurrent laryngeal nerve avulsion for the treatment of spastic dysphonia[J].Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol,1996,105:592.

40 Berke GS,Blackwell KE,Gerratt BR,et al.Selective laryn-geal adductor denervation-reinnervation:a new surgical treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia[J].Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol,1999,108:227.

41 Chhetri DK,Mendelsohn AH,Blumin JH,et al.Long-term follow-up results of selective laryngeal adductor denervation-reinnervation surgery for adductor spasmodic dysphonia[J].Laryngoscope 116:635.

42 Tsuji DH,Chrispim FS,Imamura R,et al.Impact in vocal quality in partial myectomy and neurectomy endoscopic of thyroarytenoid muscle in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia[J].Braz J Otorhinolaryngol,2006,72:261.

43 Kim HS,Choi HS,Lim JY,et al.Radiofrequency thyroary-tenoid myothermy for treatment of adductor spasmodic dys-phonia:how we do it[J].Clin Otolaryngol,2008,33:621.

44 Nakamura K,Muta H,Watanabe Y,et al.Surgical treat-ment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia:efficacy of bilateral thyroarytenoid myectomy under microlaryngoscopy[J].Acta Otolaryngol,2008,128:1 348.

45 Isshiki N,Tsuji DH,Yamamoto Y,et al.Midline lateraliza-tion thyroplasty for adductor spasmodic dysphonia[J].Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol,2000,9:187.

46 Isshiki N,Haji T,Yamamoto Y,et al.Thyroplasty for ad-ductor spasmodic dysphonia:Further experiences[J].Laryn-goscope,2001,111:615.

47 Sanuki T,Isshiki N.Outcomes of type II thyroplasty for ad-ductor spasmodic dysphonia:analysis of revision and unsatis-factory cases[J].Acta Otolaryngol,2008,129:1.

48 Shaw GY,Sechtem PR,Rideout B.Posterior cricoarytenoid myoplasty with medialization thyroplasty in the management of refractory abductor spasmodic dysphonia[J].Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol,2003,112:303.

49 Rubin J,Satalof R,Korovin G.Diagnosis and Treatment of Voice Disorders[M].3rd ed.San Diego,CA:Plural Pub-lishing Inc,2006.435～455.