1 Hammed M,Samir M,El Bigermy M.Fate of cartilage mate-rial used in middle ear surgery:light and electron microscopystudy[J].Auris Nasus Larynx,1999,26:257.

2 Dornhoffer JL.Cartilage tympanoplasty[J].Otolaryngol ClinN Am,2006,39:1 161.

3 Gamra OB,Mbarek C,Khammassi K,et al.Cartilage graft intype I tympanoplasty:audiological and otological outcome[J].Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol,2008,265:739.

4 Zahnert T,H ttenbrink K-B,Mürbe D,et al.ExperimentalInvestigations of the use of cartilage in tympanic membrane re-construction[J].Am J Otol,2000,21:322.

5 Aidonis I,Robertson TC,Sismanis A.Cartilage shield tympa-noplasty:A reliable technique[J].Otol Neurotol,2005,26:838 .

6 De Seta E,De Seta D,Covelli E,et al.Type I tympanoplastywith island chondro-perichondral tragal graft:the preferredtechnique[J]?J Laryngol Otol,2013,25:1.

7 Iacovou E,Vlastarakos PV,Papacharalampous G,et al.Iscartilage better than temporalis muscle fascia in type I tympan-oplasty?Implications for current surgical practice[J].EurArch Otorhinolaryngol.2013,Jan 16.[Epub ahead of print].

8 Khan MM,Parab SR.Primary cartilage tympanoplasty:ourtechnique and results[J].Am J Otolaryngol,2011,32:381.

9 Mürbe D,Zahnert T,Bornitz M,et al.Acoustic properties ofdifferent cartilage reconstruction technique of the tympanicmembrane[J].Laryngoscope,2002,112:1 769.

10 Bernal Sprekelsen M,Tomas Barberan M,Romaguera LlisoMD.Preliminary functional results of tympanoplasty withpalisade cartilage[J].Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp(Spain),1997,48:341.

11 Quaranta N,Fernandez-Vega Feijoo S,Piazza F.Closedtympanoplasty in cholesteatoma surgery:long-term(10years)hearing results using cartilage ossiculoplasty[J].EurArch Otorhinolaryngol,2001,258:20.

12 Nevoux J,Roger G,Chauvin P,et al.Cartilage shield tym-panoplasty in children:review of 268consecutive cases[J].Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2011,137:24.

13 Malafronte G,Filosa B,Mercone F.A new double-carti-lage block ossiculoplasty:long-term results[J].Otol Neu-rotol,2008,29:531.

14 Yung M.Cartilage tympanoplasty:literature review[J].JLaryngol Otol,2008,122:663.

15 Beutner D,Luers JC,Huttenbrink KB.Cartilage'shoe':anew technique for stabilisation of titanium total ossicular re-placement prosthesis at centre of stapes footplate[J].J Lar-yngol Otol,2008,122:682.

16 Abramovich S,Hannan SA,Huins CT,et al.Prospectivecohort comparison of bioactive glass implants and conchal car-tilage in reconstruction of the posterior canal wall during tym-panomastoidectomy[J].Clin Otolaryngol,2008,33:553.

17 Zini C,Quaranta N,Piazza F.Posterior canal wall reconstruc-tion with titanium micro-mesh and bone patè[J].Laryngo-scope,2002,112:753.

18 Takahashi H,Hasebe S,Sudo M,et al.Soft-wall recon-struction for chloesteatoma surgery:reappraisal[J].Am JOtol,2000,21:28.

19 Haginomori S,Takamaki A,Nonaka R,et al.Postoperativeaeration in the middle ear and hearing outcome after canalwall down tympanoplasty with soft-wall reconstruction forcholesteatoma[J].Otol Neurotol,2009,30:478.

20 Kang MK,Ahn JK,Gu TW,et al.Epitympanoplasty withmastoid obliteration technique:A long-term study of results[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2009,140:687.

21 Kim JH,Choi SH,Chung JW.Clinical results of atticoant-rotomy with attic reconstruction or attic obliteration for pa-tients with an attic cholesteatoma[J].Clin Exp Otorhinolar-yngol,2009,2:39.