1 Goycoolea MV,Lundman L.Round window membrane Struc-ture function and permeability:A review[J].Microsc ResTech,1997,36:201.

2 Goycoolea MV.Clinical as pects of round window membranepermeability under normal and pathological conditions[J].Ac-ta Otolaryngol,2001,121:437.

3 Chelikh L,Teixeira M,Martin C,et al.High variability ofperilymphatic entry of neutral molecules through the roundwindow[J].Acta Otolaryngol,2003,123:199.

4 Nordang L,Linder B,Anniko M.Morphologic changes inround window membrane after topical hydrocortisone and dex-amethasone treatment[J].Otol Neurot ol,2003,24:339.

5 Chandrasekhar SS,Rubinstein RY,Kwartler JA,et al.Dexa-methasone pharmacokinetics in the inner ear:Comparison ofroute of administration and use of facilitating agents[J].Oto-laryngol Head Neck Surg,2000,122:521.

6 Plontke SK,Biegner T,Kammerer B,et al.Dexamethasoneconcentration gradients along scala tympani after application tothe round window membrane[J].Otol Neurotol JT,2008,29:401.

7 Zou J,Pyykko I,Counter SA,et al.In vivo observation ofdynamic perilymph formation using 4.7 T MRI with gadolini-um as a tracer[J].Acta Otolaryngol,2003,123:910.

8 Yang J,Wu H,Zhang P,et al.The pharmacokinetic profilesof dexamethasone and methylprednisolone concentration inperilymph and plasma following systemic and local administra-tion[J].Acta Otolaryngol,2008,128:496.

9 Parnes LS,Sun AH,Freeman DJ.Corticosteroid pharmacoki-netics in the inner ear fluids:An animal study followed by clini-cal application[J].Laryngoscope,1999,109(7 Pt 2):1.

10李穗,龚树生,陈建国,等.3种糖皮质激素经圆窗膜给药在内耳的药代动力学研究[J].临床耳鼻咽喉科杂志,2005,19:24.

11 Shimazaki T,Ichimiya I,Suzuki M,et al.Localization of glucocor-ticoid receptors in the murine inner ear[J].Ann Otol Rhinol Lar-yngol,2002,111:1133.

12 Yao X,Rarey KE.Localization of the mineralocorticoid re-ceptor in rat cochlear tissue[J].Acta Otolaryngol,1996,116:493.

13 Gross ND,Kempton JB,Trune DR.Spironolactone blocksglucocorticoid-mediated hearing preservation in autoimmunemice[J].Laryngoscope,2002,112:298.

14 Rauch SD.Intratympanic steroids for sensorineural hearingloss[J].Otolaryngol Clin North Am,2004,37:1 061.

15 Huang DL,Chen P,Chen S,et al.Expression patterns ofaquaporins in the inner ear:Evidence for concerted actions ofmultiple types of aquaporins to facilitate water transport inthe cochlea[J].Hear Res,2002,165:85.

16 Fukushima M,Kitahara T,Uno Y,et al.Effects of intra-tympanic injection of steroids on changes in rat inner earaquaporin expression[J].Acta Otolaryngol,2002,122:600.

17 Silverstein H.Use of a new device,the microwick,to delivermedication to the inner ear[J].Ear Nose Throat J,1999,78:595.

18 Paulson DP,Abuzeid W,Jiang H,et al.A novel controlledlocal drug delivery system for inner ear disease[J].Laryngo-scope,2008,118:706.

19 Chen G,Hou SX,Hu P,et al.In vitro dexamethasone re-lease from nanoparticles and its pharmacokinetics in the innerear after administration of the drug-loaded nanoparticles viathe round window[J].Journal of Southern Medical Universi-ty,2008,28:1022.

20王勇懿.经耳咽管鼓室注射曲安奈德治疗难治性突聋疗效分析[J].药物与临床,2009,47:85,99.

21刘翔,郑亿庆,张志钢,等.鼓室内注射甲基强的松龙治疗难治性突聋的短期效果观察[J].听力学及言语疾病杂志,2008,16:295.

22 Plontke SK,Lowenheim H,Mertens J,et al.Randomized,double blind,placebo controlled trial on the safety and effica-cy of continuous intratympanic dexamethasone delivered via around window catheter for severe to profound sudden idio-pathic sensorineural hearing loss after failure of systemictherapy[J].Laryngoscope,2009,119:359.

23苏金龙.地塞米松鼓室注射对突发性聋患者的影响[J].中国微循环,2009,13:303.

24 Ahn JH,Yoo MH,Yoon TH,et al.Can intratympanic dex-amethasone added to systemic steroids improve hearing out-come in patients with sudden deafness[J].Laryngoscope,2008,118:279.

25 Battaglia A,Burchette R,Cueva R,et al.Combination ther-apy(intratympanic dexamethasone+high-dose prednisonetaper)for the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineuralhearing loss[J].Otology&Neurotology,2008,29:453.

26 Weng SF,Chen YS,Liu TC,et al.Prognostic factors ofsudden sensorineural hearing loss in diabetic patients[J].Di-abetes Care,2004,27:2 560.

27 Fukui M,Kitagawa Y,Nakamura N,et al.Idiopathic sud-den hearing loss in patients with type 2 diabetes[J].DiabetesResearch and Clinical Practice,2004,63:205.

28 Han CS,Park JR,Boo SH,et al.Clinical efficacy of initialintratympanic steroid treatment on sudden sensorineural hear-ing loss with diabetes[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2009,141:572.

29 Kakehata S,Sasaki A,Oji K,et al.Comparison of intratym-panic and intravenous dexamethasone treatment on suddensensorineural hearing loss with diabetes[J].Otology&Neu-rotology,2006,27:604.

30卢永德,任基浩,伍伟景,等.地塞米松鼓室内注射治疗难治性梅尼埃病[J].临床耳鼻咽喉科杂志,2004,18:385.

31 Garduno-Anaya MA,Couthino De Toledo H,Hinojosa-Gonzalez R,et al.Dexamethasone inner ear perfusion by in-tratympanic injection in unilateral Meniere disease,a two-year prospective,placebo-controlled,double-blind,ran-domized trial[J].Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,2005,133:285.

32 Boleas-Aguirre MS,Lin FR,Della Santina CC,et al.Lon-gitudinal results with intratympanic dexamethasone in thetreatment of Meniere's disease[J].Otology&Neurotology,2007,29:33.

33 Garcia-Purrinos FJ,Ferri E,Rosell A,et al.Combined in-tratympanic and intravenous dexomethasone to control vertigoin Meniere disease[J].Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp,2005,56:74.

34 Choung YH,Park K,Shin YR,et al.Intratympanic dexmetha-sone injection for refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss[J].Laryngoscope,2006,116:747.

35任基浩,王耀文,卢永德,等.鼓室灌注地塞米松治疗难治性突发性感音神经性聋临床分析[J].中华耳科学杂志,2007,5:3 882.