1 Neuhauser HK.Epidemiology of vertigo[J].Current Opinionin Neurology,2007,20:40.

2 Kalueff AV,Ishikawa K,Griffith AJ.Anxiety and otovestib-ular disorders:linking behavioral phenotypes in men and mice[J].Behave Brain Res,2008,186:1.

3 Balaban CD,Jacob RG.Background and history of the inter-face between anxiety and vertigo[J].J Anxiety Disord,2001,15:27.

4 Staab JP,Ruckenstein MJ.Which comes first?Psychogenicdizziness versus otogenic anxiety[J].Laryngoscope,2003,113:1714.

5 Lea P,Colin K,Stryjer R,et al.Anxiety in the first attack ofvertigo[J].Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery,2003,128:829.

6 Ereza O,Gordonb CR,Sever J,et al.Balance dysfunction inchildhood anxiety:Findings and theoretical approach[J].Anx-iety Disorders,2004,18:341.

7 Jacob RG,Whitney SL,Detweiler-Shostak G,et al.Vestib-ular rehabilitation for patients with agoraphobia and vestibulardysfunction:A pilot study[J].J Anxiety Disord,2001,15:131.

8 Staab JP,Ruckenstein MJ,Solomon D,et al.Serotonin re-uptake inhibitors for dizziness with psychiatric symptoms[J].Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2002,128:554.

9 Balaban CD,Thayer JF.Neurological bases for balance-anx-iety links[J].J Anxiety Dis,2001,15:53.

10 Balaban CD.Neural substrates linking balance control andanxiety[J].Physiol Behav,2002,77:469.

11 Goddard M,Zheng YW,Darlington CL,et al.Monoaminetransporter and enzyme expression in the medial temporallobe and frontal cortex following chronic bilateral vestibularloss[J].Neuroscience Letters,2008,437:107.

12 Luppi PH,Jones GA,Akaoka H,et al.Afferent projectionsto the rat locus coeruleus demonstrated by retrograde and an-terograde tracing with cholera-toxin B subunit and phaseo-lus vulgaris leucoagglutitin[J].Neuroscience,1995,65:119.

13 Schuerger RJ,Balaban CD.Organization of the coeruleo-vestibular pathway in rats,rabbits,and monkeys[J].BrainResearch Reviews,1999,30:189.

14 Charney DS,Deutch A.A functional neuroanatomy of anxie-ty and fear:Implications for the pathophysiology and treat-ment of anxiety disorders[J].Crit Rev Neurobiol,1996,10:419.

15 Fung SJ,Reddy VK,Bowker RM,et al.Differential labelingof the vestibular complex following unilateral injections ofhorseradish peroxidase into the cat and rat locus coeruleus[J].Brain Res,1987,401:347.

16 Masatoshi T,Yoshida M,Emoto H,et al.Noradrenalinesystems in the hypothalamus,amygdala and locus coeruleusare involved in the provocation of anxiety:Basic studies[J].European Journal of Pharmacology,2000,405:397.

17 Michael J,Noyes R Jr,Woodman C,et al.Relationship ofgeneralized anxiety symptoms to urinary S-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid and vanillylmandelic acid[J].Psychiatry Re-search,1995,57:1.

18 Neophytou SI,Aspley S,Butler S,et al.Effects of lesioningnoradrenergic neurones in the locus coeruleus on conditionedand unconditioned aversive behaviour in the rat[J].ProgNeuro-Psychophmacol&Biol Psychiat,2001,25:1 307.

19 Halberstadt AL,Balaban CD.Organization of projectionsfrom the raphe nuclei to the vestibular nuclei in rats[J].Neuroscience,2003,120:573.

20 Halberstadt AL,Balaban CD.Serotonergic and nonseroton-ergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus send collateralizedprojections to both the vestibular nuclei and the central a-mygdaloid nucleus[J].Neuroscience,2006,140:1 067.

21 Balaban CD.Vestibular nucleus projections to the parabra-chial nucleus in rabbits:Implications for vestibular influenceson autonomic function[J].Exp Brain Res,1996,108:367.

22 Porter JD,Balaban CD.Connections between the vestibularnuclei and regions that mediate autonomic function in the rat[J].J Vestib Res,1997,7:63.

23 Balaban CD,McGee DM,Zhou J,et al.Responses of pri-mate caudal parabrachial nucleus and K?lliker-Fuse nucle-us neurons to whole body rotation[J].J Neurophysiol,2002,88:3 175.

24 Balaban CD.Organization of parabrachio-vestibular connec-tions in rabbits and rats[J].Soc Neurosci Abstr,2000,26:1 493.

25 Balaban CD,Beryozkin G.Vestibular nucleus projections tonucleus tractus solitarius and the dorsal motor nucleus of thevagus nerve:Potential substrates for vestibulo-autonomicinteractions[J].Exp Brain Res,1994,98:200.

26 Fulweiler CE,Saper C.Subnuclear organization of the effer-ent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat[J].Brain Res Rev,1984,7:229.

27 Herbert H,Moga MM,Saper CB.Connections of the para-brachial nucleus with the nucleus of the solitary tract and me-dullary reticular formation in the rat[J].J Comp Neurol,1990,293:540.

28 Moga MM,Herbert H,Hurley KM,et al.Organization ofcortical,basal forebrain,and hypothalamic afferents to theparabrachial nucleus in the rat[J].J Comp Neurol,1990,295:624.

29 Wackym PA,Balaban CD.Medical management of vestibulardisorders and vestibular rehabilitation[M].In:Bailey BJ,Ed.Head and neck surgery-otolaryngology.Philadelphia:Lippincott-Raven Publishers,1998.2 287~2 307.

30 Takumida M,Akagi N,Anniko M.A new animal model forMeniere's disease[J].Acta Oto-Laryngologica,2008,128:263.

31 Cransac H,Peyrin L,Farhat F,et al.Effect of hemilaby-rinthectomy on monoamine metabolism in the medial vestibu-lar nucleus,locus coeruleus and other brainstem nuclei of al-bino and pigmented rats[J].J Vest Res,1996,6:243.

32 Kuruma T,Nakayama M,Nakano A,et al.Immunohisto-chemical study for monoamine neurons in the brain of unilat-eral inner ear impaired rats[J].Journal of the Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan,2003,106:1 143.

33 Zheng YW,Smith PF,Darlington CL.Noradrenaline and se-rotonin levels in the guinea pig hippocampus following unilat-eral vestibular deafferentation[J].Brain Research,1999,836:199.

34 Castren E.Is mood chemistry[J]?Nat Rev Neurosci,2005,6:241.

35 Handley SL,McBlane JW.5HT drugs in animal models ofanxiety[J].Psychopharmacology(Berl),1993,112:13.

36 Beaufour CC,Ballon N,Le Bihan C,et al.Effects of chronicantidepressants in an operant conflict procedure of anxiety inthe rat[J].Pharmacol Biochem Behav,1999,62:591.

37 Black K,Shea C,Dursun S,et al.Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor discontinuation syndrome:Proposed diag-nostic criteria[J].J Psychiatry Neurosci,2000,25:255.

38 Venault P,Rudrauf D,Lepicard EM,et al.Balance controland posture in anxious mice improved by SSRI treatment[J].Neuroreport,2001,12:3 091.

39 Lepicard EM,Venault P,Negroni J,et al.Posture and bal-ance responses to a sensory challenge are related to anxiety inmice[J].Psychiatry Research,2003,118:273.

40 Balaban CD.Vestibular nucleus projections to the parabra-chial nucleus in rabbits:implications for vestibular influenceson autonomic function[J].Experimental Brain Research,1996,108:367.

41 McFarland JL,Fuchs AF.Discharge patterns in nucleus pre-positus hypoglossi and adjacent medial vestibular nucleusduring horizontal eye movement in behaving monkeys[J].Journal of Neurophysiology,1992,68:319.

42 Jacobs BL,Azmitia E.Structure and function of the brain se-rotonin system[J].Physiological Reviews,1992,72:165.

43 Lindemann S,Gernert M,Bennay M,et al.Comparative a-nalysis of anxiety-like behaviors and sensorimotor functionsin two rat mutants,ci2 and ci3,with lateralized rotationalbehavior[J].Physiol Behav,2007,91:551.