普通话儿童词汇相邻性单音节词表的编制

The Development of Mandarin Monosyllable Lexical Neighborhood Test

张宁;盛玉麒;刘莎;吴璇;龙墨;王树峰;徐娟娟;姬晨;王伟;

1:首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院

2:北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所

3:耳鼻咽喉头颈科学教育部重点实验室(首都医科大学)

4:山东大学中文信息研究所

摘要
目的根据心理语言学言语听辨领域的邻域激活模型(neighborhood activation model,NAM)理论,编制开放式的普通话儿童词汇相邻性单音节词表(mandarin monosyllable lexical neighborhood test,M-LNT-monosyllable)。方法根据邻域激活模型对"难词"和"易词"的定义,计算儿童口语语料中各单音节词的出现频率和邻居词汇数目,获得出现频率和邻居词数目的中位数,依据汉语语音和词性特点,编制出普通话儿童词汇相邻性单音节词表。选择35岁听力正常儿童34名为受试者,进行词表的初步验证。结果儿童日常口语语料库中包括1 979个单音节词,出现频率从1至4 855,中位数为7;目标词邻居词数目从1至112,中位数为29。根据邻域激活模型定义出易词487个和难词419个。最终选择120个词作为测试条目,编制3张易词表,每张20个词;3张难词表,每张20个词;1张练习表,10个词。经统计学分析,3张易词表间和3张难词表间各测试条目出现频率、邻居词数、34名受试者测试得分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);易词表和难词表间测试得分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论词汇相邻性言语测试结果可提供儿童语音感知信息,难易词表间的结果差异可反映儿童单音节词汇听辨能力的发育状况。
关键词
儿童;邻域激活模型;言语测听
基金项目(Foundation):
国家自然科学基金(30872859);; 北京市自然科学基金(7093117,7062017)资助
作者
张宁;盛玉麒;刘莎;吴璇;龙墨;王树峰;徐娟娟;姬晨;王伟;
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