1Stewart C,Winfield L,Hunt A,et al.Speech dysfunctionin early Parkinson's disease[J].Move Disord,1995,10:562.

2Hartelius L,Svensson P.Speech and swallowing symptoms associated with Parkinson′s disease and multiple sclerosis:a survey[J].Folia Phoniatr Logop,1994,46:9.

3King JB,Ramig LO,Lemke JH,et al.Parkinson disease:longitudi-nal changes in acoustic parameters of phonation[J].J Med Speech Lang Pathol,1994,2:29.

4Fox C,Ramig LO.Vocal sound pressure level and self-perception of speech and voicein men and women withidiopathic Parkinson dis-ease[J].AmJ Speech Lang Pathol,1997,6:85.

5Ho AK,Iansek R,BradshawJL.Regulation of parkinsonian speech volume[J].J Neural Psychiatry,1999,67:199.

6Meter EJ,Hanson WR.Clinical and acoustical variabilityin hypoki-netic dysarthria[J].J Commun Disord,1986,19:347.

7Zwirner P,Murry T,Woodson GE.Phonatoryfunction of neurolog-icallyi mpaired patients[J].J Commun Disord,1991,24:287.

8Ramig LO,Titze I,Scherter R,et al.Acoustic analysis of voices of patients with neurologic disease:rationale and preli minary data[J].Ann Otolaryngol Rhinol Laryngol,1988,97:164.

9Winholtz WS,Ramig LO.Vocal tremor analysis with the vocal de-modulator[J].NCVS Status Prog Res,1992,2:119.

10Ho AK,BraidehawJL,Cunnington R,et al.Sequense heterogenei-tyin parkinsonian speech[J].Brain Lang,1998,64:122.

11李胜利.帕金森病的言语障碍与治疗[J].现代康复,2000,4:340.

12Smith ME,Ramig LO,Dromey C.Intensive voice treatment in Par-kinson disease:laryngostroboscopic findings[J].J Voice,1995,9:453.

13Perez KS,Ramig LO,Smith ME,et al.The Parkinson larynx:tremor and videostroboscopic findings[J].J Voice,1996,10:354.

14Gerratt BR,Hansen DG,Berke GS.Glottographic measures of la-ryngeal functioninindividuals withabnormal motor control[M].In:Baer T.Sasaki C,Harris K,eds.Laryngeal Functionin Phonation and Respiration.Boston,MA:College Hill Press,1987.521～532.

15Baker KK,Ramig LO,Luschei ES,et al.Thyroarytenoid muscle activity associated with hypophonia in Parkinson disease and aging[J].Neurology,1998,51:1592.

16Hirose H,Joshitta Y.Laryngeal behaviorin patients with disorders of the central nervous system[M].In:Hirano M.Kirchner JA.Bless DM.eds.Neurolaryngology:Recent Advances.Boston.MA:Little.Brown:1987.258～266.

17Fox CM,Morrison CE,Ramig LO,et al.Current perspectives on thelee silverman voice treatment(LSVT)for individuals withIdio-pathic Parkinson Disease[J].AmJ Speech Lang Pathol,2002,11:111.

18Boecker H,Ceballos-Baumann A,Bartenstein P,et al.Sensory processingin Parkinson's and Huntington's disease:Investigations with3d H(2)(15)O-PET[J].Brain,1999,122:1651.

19Jobst EE,Melnick ME,Byl NN,et al.Sensory perceptionin Par-kinson disease[J].Archives of Neurology,1997,54:450.

20Schneider J,Diamond S,MarkhamC.Parkinson's disease:Sensory and motor problemsin arms and hands[J].Neurology,1987,37:951.

21Rickards C,Cody FW.Proprioceptive control of wrist movementsin Parkinson's disease[J].Brain,1997,120:977.

22Yorkston KM.Treatment efficacy:dysarthria[J].J Speech Hear Res,1996,39:S46.

23Adams SG.Hypokinetic dysarthriain Parkinson's disease[M].In:McNeil MR,ed.Clinical Management of Sensori motor Speech Disor-ders.New York:Thieme,1997.261～390.

24Ramig LO,Countryman S,Thompson L,et al.Acomparison of twoforms of intensive speechtreatment for Parkinson disease[J].J Speech Hear Res,1995,38:1232.

25Ramig LO,Countryman S,Thompson L,et al.Intensive speech treatment for patients with Parkinson disease:Short andlong-term comparison of two techniques[J].Neurology,1996,47:1496.

26Ramig LO.The role of phonationin speechintelligibility:a review and preli minary datafrompatients with Parkinson's disease[M].In:Kent RD,ed.Intelligibilityin Speech Disorders:Theory,Measure-ment and Management.Amsterdam:John Benjamin,1992.119～156.

27Ramig LO,Bonitati C,Lemke J,et al.Voicetreatment for patientswith Parkinson disease:development of anapproachand preli minary efficacy data[J].J Med Speech Lang Pathol,1994,2:191.

28Baumgartner C,Sapir S,Ramig LO.Voice quality changes follow-ing phonatory-respiratory effort treatment(LSVT)vs.respiratory effort treatment for individuals with Parkinson's disease[J].Journal of Voice,2001,15:105.

29Sapir S,Ramig LO,Hoyt P,et al.Speechloudness and quality12months after intensive voice treatment(LSVT)for Parkinson's dis-ease:Acomparison with an alternative speech treatment[J].Folia Phoniatr Logop,2002,54:296.

30Ramig LO,Sapir S,Countryman S,et al.Intensive voicetreatment(LSVT)for patients with Parkinson's disease:a2year follow up[J].J Neurol Psychiatry,2001,71:493.

31Ramig LO,Sapir S,Fox C,et al.Changesin vocal intensityfollow-ingintensive voicetreatment(LSVT)inindividuals with Parkinson's disease:A comparison with untreated patients and normal age-matched controls[J].Movement Disorders,2001,16:79.

32Ramig LO,Dromey C.Aerodynamic mechanisms underlying treat-ment-related changes in vocal intensity in patients with Parkinson disease[J].J Speech Hear Res,1996,39:798.

33Ramig LO,Fox C,Sapir S.Parkinson's diesease:Speech and voice disorders andtheir treatment withthelee silverman voice treatment[J].Seminarsin Speech and Language,2004,25:169.

34Smith M,Ramig LO,Dromey C,et al.Intensive voice treatment in Parkinson's disease:Laryngostroboscopic findings[J].J Voice,1995,9:453.

35Countryman S,Hicks J,Ramig LO,et al.Supraglottal hyperad-ductioninanindividual with Parkinson's disease:Aclinical treatment note[J].AmJ Speech Lang Pathol,1997,6:74.

36Lotti M,Ramig LO,Vogel K,et al.Hypophonia in Parkinson's disease neural correlates of voice treatment revealed by PET[J].Neurology,2003,60:432.