【Abstract] Objective To compare the one-month effect between routine-fitting hearing aids and self-adjusted hearing aids, and to assess the applicability of self-adjusted hearing aids in elderly people in China. Methods A total of 20 patients aged 55~75 with moderate to moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss were recruited and randomly divided into two groups, 10 in each group. Subjects participated in a RCT (randomized controlled trail), prospective, two-stage study. Two kinds of hearing aids were used in this study, one was the routine-fitting hearing aid normally fitted by audiologists, the other was the self-adjusted hearing aid adjusted by customers. All subjects used two kinds of hearing aids alternatively for 4 weeks in two stages of the study. The benefits were evaluated at the time of enrollment and the end of the first and second stages using indicators, such as pure tone average (PTA) of air-conducted threshold, sentence recognition score in quiet, and subjective indicators, such as the hearing handicap inventory for the elderly-screening version (HHIE-S)and abbreviated profile of hearing aid benefit (APHAB).Results Fourteen patients completed the study. The aided PTA (37.9± 12.8， 42.6±6.3) was significantly lower than the unaided PTA (49.4±6. 8 dB HL) (P<0. 05)，however, the aided PTA was not significantly different between self-adjusted and routin-fitting conditions (P>0.05).The sentence recognition scores in all aided conditions(65.0%±19.1%，76.1%±13.7%) were significantly higher than unaided condition(50.4%±13.4%) (P<0.01)，and the score of using self-adjusted hearing aids were significantly higher than that of the routine-fitting hearing aids (P<0.01). The APHAB scores improved significantly (P<0.05) for all subjects in the Global and EC (easy of communication)，RV (reverberate conditions)，BN (backeround noise) subscales,AV (aversive sounds). According to HHIE-S scores, the handicap degree with hearing aids (9. 6±8.3, 11. 4±8. 6) was improved significantly compared with unaided condition (17.7±7.7) (P<0.01). Conclusion Both of the routine fitting and the self-adjusted hearing aids could enhance auditory sensitivity and speech recognition abilities of elderly people, while no significant difference were shown between these two conditions (P>0.05).Regarding to the potential application prospect of self-adjusted hearing aids, a larger sample-size study covering more regions in China is probably necessary to be conducted.