晚开口幼儿表达性词汇习得特征及高危因素分析

Analysis of Characteristics and Risk Factors on Expressive Vocabulary Acquisition in Late Talkers

陈思齐;刘巧云;夏彬;王洁;赵航;丁艳华;席居哲

1:华东师范大学附属妇幼保健院

2:华东师范大学教育学部康复科学系、智能教育研究院

3:复旦大学附属儿科医院儿保科

4:华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院

摘要
目的 分析晚开口幼儿的表达性词汇习得特征及可能导致幼儿晚开口的高危因素。方法 以在华东师范大学附属妇幼保健院就诊的70例12~27月龄晚开口幼儿(late talkers, LT)为病例组(其中12~16月龄22例,17~27月龄48例),以同期该院体检的103例正常幼儿(normal toddler, NT)为对照组(其中12~16月龄40例,17~27月龄63例)。采用《汉语沟通发展量表》短表评估LT和NT的表达性词汇,分别通过年龄和词汇量匹配LT与NT,并分析其习得特征。回顾性收集幼儿围产期、遗传、喂养及家庭环境等信息,采用多因素Logistic回归分析幼儿晚开口的高危因素。结果 12~16月龄的LT和NT均以社交性词汇为主;17~27月龄的LT与年龄相匹配和词汇量相匹配的NT相比,社交性词汇占比更高,普通名词占比更低(P<0.05),动词和封闭词占比显著低于年龄相匹配的NT(P<0.05),与词汇量相匹配的NT无显著差异(P>0.05)。LT的形容词占比与年龄相匹配和词汇量相匹配的NT均无显著差异(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,男性、新生儿住院史、满6月龄未添加固体类食物、电子屏幕使用时间≥30 min是幼儿晚开口的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 晚开口幼儿不仅表达性词汇发育迟缓,词类组成也存在异常。幼儿晚开口的危险因素较多,应对男童、有新生儿住院史的幼儿予以重点关注,同时加强科学喂养及早期屏幕暴露危害的科普。
关键词
晚开口幼儿;表达性词汇;高危因素
基金项目(Foundation):
上海市长宁区卫生健康委员会项目(2019CNECNUPI05-1);; 长宁区科学技术委员会项目(CNKW2020Y31);; 上海市浦江人才计划项目(2019PJC033);; 华东师范大学教育学部第七届大学生科研基金项目(ECNUFOE2022KY009)
作者
陈思齐;刘巧云;夏彬;王洁;赵航;丁艳华;席居哲
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