韵母类型对听障儿童不同塞音嗓音起始时间的影响

A Study on the Influence of the Type of Finals on the Onset Time of the Stop Voice of Hearing Impaired Children

高雍象;吴迪;冯岩;冯叶;王佳汝;余英;田成华

1:浙江中医药大学

2:宁波市康复医院

3:杭州师范大学经亨颐教育学院心理(特教)系

4:浙江省衢州市特殊教育学校

摘要
目的 探究韵母类型对听障儿童不同塞音嗓音起始时间(voice onset time, VOT)的影响,为其塞音习得及矫正提供依据。方法 随机选取3~6岁听障儿童和健听儿童各22例,录制6个塞音(/b/、/p/、/d/、/t/、/g/、/h/)与3个单韵母(/a/、/i/或/e/、/u/)所组成的18个辅-元(consonant-vowel, CV)音节,声调均为第一声。使用Praat 6.1.29软件提取VOT值,对每种塞音采用双因素方差分析,因变量为VOT,自变量为听力状况、韵母类型。结果 听障组儿童/t/、/g/、/k/发音存在构音错误。听力状况对塞音/g/、/p/、/t/、/k/主效应效果显著(P<0.05),健听组塞音/g/、/p/、/t/、/k/的VOT显著大于听障组(P<0.05)。韵母类型对塞音/b/、/p/、/t/VOT主效应效果显著(P<0.05)。听力状况与韵母类型在塞音/t/VOT上产生交互效应,简单主效应显示,听障组与健听组/ti/音VOT差异大于/ta/及/tu/。结论 听障儿童塞音/g/、/p/、/t/、/k/音的VOT小于健听儿童,听障组与健听组/ti/音的VOT差异大于/ta/及/tu/。对听障儿童/t/音教学,可以先从差异较小的/ta/、/tu/开始,后期巩固/ti/音,并且注重呼吸及口部运动训练,为清晰发音奠定良好的基础。
关键词
嗓音起始时间;塞音;韵母;听障儿童
基金项目(Foundation):
宁波市康复医院院级科研基金(2022KY11)
作者
高雍象;吴迪;冯岩;冯叶;王佳汝;余英;田成华
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