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上海地区老年耳鸣患者的影响因素分析

Influencing Factors Analysis of Elderly Tinnitus Patients in Shanghai

李海涛;刘广宇;霍岩;李明;张剑宁

1:上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院耳鼻咽喉科

2:上海市崇明区城桥镇社区卫生服务中心中医科

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摘要

目的研究上海崇明岛城桥地区老年人群耳鸣发生情况，并探讨相关影响因素，为老年人耳鸣的科学防治提供参考。方法运用问卷调查、量表评估、纯音听阈测试等方法，调查2019年6月至2021年12月期间6 358例上海崇明区城桥镇社区卫生服务中心老年体检人群耳鸣发生情况，采用单、多因素分析方法分析性别、年龄、听力情况、睡眠质量、焦虑抑郁状态、饮酒史、吸烟史、噪声暴露史、耳毒性药物应用史、高血压、糖尿病、高血脂症、冠心病等13个因素对老年耳鸣患者的影响。结果 (1)6 358例老年人中，耳鸣2 110例，耳鸣发生率为33.2%(2 110/6 358);慢性耳鸣1 712例(81.1%);双侧耳鸣1 156例(54.8%);THI评分II级(轻度)耳鸣患者1 012例(48%);平均听阈≥25 dB HL者2 030例(96.2%)。(2)单因素分析显示，年龄、听力情况、睡眠质量、焦虑抑郁、噪声接触史、耳毒性药物史、高血压病史与耳鸣发生有关；进一步二元Logistic回归分析显示，年龄增长(OR=1.10,95%CI 1.09～1.11,P<0.001)、听力下降(OR=5.56,95%CI 4.31～7.18,P<0.001)、睡眠障碍(OR=3.32,95%CI 2.82～3.91,P<0.001)、焦虑抑郁(OR=2.02,95%CI 1.71～2.39,P<0.001)、噪声接触史(OR=3.67,95%CI 3.20～4.21,P<0.001)、耳毒性药物应用史(OR=2.20,95%CI 1.84～2.64,P<0.001)、高血压病史(OR=1.73,95%CI 1.53～1.95,P<0.001)将增加耳鸣的发生风险。结论本组崇明岛城桥地区老年人耳鸣发生率较高，年龄、听力情况、睡眠质量、焦虑抑郁、噪声接触史、耳毒性药物史、高血压病史等因素是老年人耳鸣发生的危险因素。

关键词

耳鸣;流行病学调查;老年人;影响因素

基金项目(Foundation):

上海市卫生健康委员会中医药传承和科技创新项目（ZYCC2019006）;; 上海市进一步加快中医药事业发展三年行动计划[ZY(2021-2023)-0208];; 上海申康医院发展中心临床科技创新项目（SHDC12019119）

作者

李海涛;刘广宇;霍岩;李明;张剑宁

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