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中耳力学：骨传导与骨传导助听器

张天宇;任柳杰;李辰龙;姚文娟;谢友舟

1:复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院眼耳鼻整形外科

2:复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科研究院

3:国家卫生健康委员会听觉医学重点实验室(复旦大学)

4:上海大学力学与工程科学学院

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摘要

<正>除常用的气传导（air conduction）途径外，人类还可通过骨传导（bone conduction）途径感知声音。骨传导指声音以振动形式通过颅骨及软组织等传导至耳蜗引起听觉感知的物理-生理过程。在几百年前，人类便已认识骨传导现象，并开发了一些利用骨传导的听觉装置。Békésy(1961）发现纯音经骨传导形成的听觉可以被经仔细调节强度相等、相位相反的一个同频率气导纯音所抵消，因此指出骨传导和气传导在耳蜗感知层面具有相同的物理生理机制。骨传导传声过程中大部分能量绕过了外耳、中耳直接刺激内耳，故传导性听力损失患者的骨导听阈并无太大影响，也因此骨传导成为该类患者一种可行的助听方案~([1])。一些中耳疾病也常使骨传导听阈形成频率特异的切迹。因此，骨传导成为中耳力学的重要研究课题之一。本文介绍骨传导传音感音的途径与机制，并着重阐述骨传导助听技术的临床应用及其听力学增益。

关键词

基金项目(Foundation):

国家自然科学基金项目（11932010、82101221）;; 上海市“科技创新行动计划”自然科学基金项目（20ZR1409900）

作者

张天宇;任柳杰;李辰龙;姚文娟;谢友舟

参考文献

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