先天性耳廓形态畸形无创矫治疗效及影响因素分析

Analysis of efficacy after treatment and influencing factors of congenital auricle deformation

周昕阳;于红

1:吉林大学第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

摘要

目的评估先天性耳廓形态畸形经耳廓模型无创矫治后的疗效及反弹情况，分析可能影响此病发生的因素。方法 (1)选取就诊于吉林大学第一医院诊断为先天性耳廓形态畸形的患儿86例123耳作为治疗组，应用爱韦尔无创耳模矫正器治疗，比较不同日龄组间[A组(3～7 d)31耳，B组(8～42 d)59耳，C组(>42 d)33耳]治疗后的反弹情况。(2)选取相似年龄分布的耳廓形态正常小儿77例为对照组，采用问卷调查的方式收集两组小儿的相关情况，分析可能影响此病发生的危险因素。结果 (1)123耳中治疗成功107耳(87.0%),16耳(13.0%)发生反弹，其中11耳(81.3%)发生在治疗结束后三个月内；C组较A、B组反弹率高(P<0.001),A、B组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。(2)单因素分析结果示治疗组较对照组小儿双亲生育时年龄较大、父亲吸烟史、母亲流产史、妊娠合并高血压史、孕期贫血史发生率较高，母亲补充叶酸及剖宫产发生率较低(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归模型分析结果示父亲年龄大(OR=1.58,P=0.003)、母亲妊娠合并高血压史(OR=4.39,P=0.004)、孕期贫血史(OR=3.72,P=0.005)为先天性耳廓形态畸形发生的独立危险因素，母亲补充叶酸(OR=0.44,P=0.049)、剖宫产(OR=0.35,P=0.008)为其保护性因素。结论先天性耳廓形态畸形经无创矫治后畸形的反弹大多发生在治疗结束后三个月内，治疗时日龄大于42 d者反弹率较高。此病的发生可能与父亲年龄、母亲是否规律补充叶酸、生产方式、是否患妊娠合并高血压或孕期贫血有一定关系。

关键词

先天性;耳廓形态畸形;无创矫正;反弹;危险因素

基金项目(Foundation):

吉林省医疗卫生人才专项基金资助项目(JLSWSRCZX2023-78)

作者

周昕阳;于红

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周昕阳于红