耳蜗力学:人工耳蜗植入的生物医学工程学研究

Cochlear mechanics:a biomedical engineering perspective on cochlear implantation

任柳杰;李辰龙;姚文娟;张天宇

1:复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院眼耳鼻整形外科

2:复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科研究院

3:国家卫生健康委员会听觉医学重点实验室(复旦大学)

4:上海大学力学与工程科学学院

摘要
<正>人工耳蜗植入(cochlear implant, CI)是目前重度至极重度感音神经性听力损失患者最有效的听力重建技术之一。随着植入人群日益多样化,尤其是儿童、老年人及残余听力患者比例不断上升,如何在实现高效电刺激的同时,最大程度地保留残余听力、减少植入过程中的组织损伤,并最终提升术后听觉功能——特别是在噪声环境下的言语识别、空间定位能力和音乐感知能力,已成为当前人工耳蜗技术发展的核心问题之一~([1,2])。耳蜗结构在个体之间存在显著的解剖差异,影响电极植入路径、位置和最终刺激效果;电极插入过程中可能对精细的耳蜗微结构如基底膜等造成不可逆损伤,进而导致残余听力下降;同时,植入后电极构型、神经激活区域与感知效果之间的关系尚不完全明确,阻碍了刺激参数的个体化优化和术前预测;最后,采用电刺激的方式受限于电极数量和电流的扩散,无法实现听神经的精准激活。如何实现低创伤、高效率、可预测的个性化电极植入和电刺激策略,乃至采用全新的电极设计理念,正是当前人工耳蜗临床与工程领域所面临的挑战。
关键词
基金项目(Foundation):
国家自然科学基金重点项目(11932010、82101221);; 上海市“科技创新行动计划”自然科学基金项目(20ZR1409900)
作者
任柳杰;李辰龙;姚文娟;张天宇
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任柳杰李辰龙姚文娟张天宇