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职业噪声暴露致工人高频听力损失的影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors of high-frequency hearing loss among workers exposed to occupational noise

陈红;路钧泽;程诚;侯振兴;杨军;靳子义;高下;黎奥

1:南京市职业病防治院

2:南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

3:南京医科大学鼓楼临床医学院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

4:南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院风湿免疫科

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摘要

目的探究噪声致高频听力损失(high-frequency hearing loss, HFHL)的潜在危险因素，为噪声致聋的防控提供依据。方法选取2019年2月至2024年12月期间在南京市职业病防治院进行体检的6 018例连续噪声暴露作业的工人，纳入其人口学特征、生活方式、慢性病史及非噪声环境暴露因素，分析噪声致HFHL的相关因素。结果 6 018例噪声暴露作业工人中HFHL发生率为7.69%(463/6 018)。Logistic回归分析结果示10年以上的噪声暴露史(OR=1.40,P=0.045)、中(OR=1.40,P=0.026)、高(OR=2.20,P<0.001)噪声暴露工种、男性(OR=3.31,P<0.001)和已婚(OR=2.04,P<0.001)与噪声致HFHL显著相关。校正混杂因素后，非噪声暴露因素包括饮酒(OR=1.29,P=0.014)、高血压(OR=1.37,P=0.004)、高血糖(OR=1.64,P=0.006)、可吸入颗粒物暴露(OR=1.22,P=0.043)是噪声致HFHL的独立危险因素。结论 10年以上的噪声暴露史、中高噪声暴露工种、男性、已婚、饮酒、高血压、高血糖、可吸入颗粒物暴露与噪声致HFHL显著相关，其中非噪声暴露因素与噪声暴露因素协同作用加重噪声所致的听觉功能损伤，是噪声致聋的潜在危险因素。

关键词

噪声;高频听力损失;饮酒;高血压;高血糖

基金项目(Foundation):

国家自然科学基金重大项目(82192862);; 国家重点研发计划“常见多发病防治研究”重点专项(2024YFC2511100)

作者

陈红;路钧泽;程诚;侯振兴;杨军;靳子义;高下;黎奥

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